Identifies the countries included in the Mediterranean region and discusses their traditional way of life. Describes the food-based guidelines that make up the Mediterranean pyramid. Explains the significance of physical activity, diet, and social interaction as part of the Mediterranean way of life. Discusses the research that supports the health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet with respect to heart disease, diabetes, obesity, cognitive function, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Describes how the Western diet and lifestyle can be modified to comply with Mediterranean lifestyle recommendations.