Describes the difference among (a) Acetaminophen, (b) Naproxen, (c) Ibuprofen, and (d) Aspirin. Explains the different dosages, precautions, interactions, and contraindications for each NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug). Describes how opioid analgesics differ from NSAIDS and explain opioid receptors and opioid metabolism. Describes the risks and abuse and addiction associated with opioid medication and identify patients at risk for substance-use disorders. Discusses the medical and pharmacological similarities and differences among Codeine, Hydrocodone (Vicodin), and Oxycodone (Percocet). Explains each of the above opioids’ dosages, precautions, interactions, and contraindications. Counsels patients concerning the side effects, addictive nature, proper storage, and disposal of opioid medications. Defines pain-management principles with NSAIDS, opioids, and combined NSAID/opioid medications. Describes opioid antagonists and overdose-prevention treatments. Practices effective pain management. Defines and describes the signs and symptoms of opioid-use disorders. Defines and describes anxiolytics used in dentistry, such as Ambien, Ativan, Halcion, Valium, Xanax - along with pharmacological effects, adverse reactions, and contraindications. Defines and describe muscle relaxants used in dentistry such as Flexeril and Klonopin - along with pharmacological effects, adverse reactions, and contraindications. Explains the modern issues of multi-drug resistant infections in dentistry and describe new thinking in antibiotic regimens to combat these resistant pathogens.

Describes the effects of ADHD on attention, emotional control, impulse control, and executive functions. Describes the clinical presentations of ADHD and current diagnostic criteria. Discusses the genetic, developmental, neurologic and environmental causes of ADHD. Describes the development, symptoms, and impact of ADHD as they relate to children, adolescents, and adults. identify effective ADHD treatments focused on behavior management, diet, exercise, and sleep. Discusses the stimulant and non-stimulant medications for ADHD and their effectiveness. Discusses how the recent empirical research in this course can be translated to clinical practices to improve patient care and outcome. Describes, for this course, the implications for dentistry, mental health, pharmacy, nursing, occupational, physical therapy and other healthcare professions.

Describes the pharmacologic differences among cannabis (marijuana), THC and cannabinoids. Discusses the major legal issues surrounding THC at the Federal and State levels. Lists the physiologic and pathologic effects of marijuana (THC) including effects of long term use and potential harm to the adolescent brain. Describes FDA-approved uses for medical marijuana and possible clinical uses for cannabis in chronic pain patients. Explains the known dangers of vaping marijuana and development of EVALI (Lung Injury Due to E-Cigarettes and Vaping). Recognizes the signs and symptoms of acute marijuana intoxication. Discusses the myths and realities surrounding the explosion of CBD products across the country. Describes how the information in this course can be utilized to improve patient care and patient outcomes. Describes, for this course, the implications for dentistry, mental health, nursing, and other healthcare professions.